What oil makes the best biodiesel?
Canola oil is one of the most effective and efficient sources for biodiesel with excellent cold-flow properties; what's good for the heart is also good for the engine due to canola oil's low saturated fat content.
What is used to produce best quality of biodiesel?
Rapeseed oil (canola oil) is the most important type of vegetable oil used in transesterification and canola oil is very suitable for high quality biodiesel production.
What makes biodiesel better?
Biodiesel's high ignition point (350°F vs. –43°F for gasoline) makes it a safer fuel as well. Biodiesel is biodegradable and considered nontoxic by the Environmental Protection Agency.
What are the best fatty acids for biodiesel?
Most common fatty esters included in biodiesel are derived from palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid.
Is olive oil good for biodiesel?
Olive oil waste is rich in lipids, mainly in the form of triacylglycerols, which makes it a potential feedstock for biodiesel development. The use of olive oil waste for biodiesel production has several advantages.
How do you increase biodiesel yield?
In biodiesel production, increasing temperature will increase how quickly biodiesel is produced. A study by Freedman et al. (1984) with soybean oil found that a temperature of 140°F could produce 94% of the total biodiesel yield in about 6 minutes versus a yield of 64% at 90°F (Fig. 4).
What is the most efficient biodiesel?
Heavy commercial vehicles can efficiently operate on pure soybean biodiesel or a blend of diesel and biodiesel. Soybean biodiesel produces more energy than corn ethanol and is also more environmentally sound. A bushel of soybeans can produce up to 6 liters of biodiesel.
What is the best crop for biodiesel?
Oil crops are the base for biodiesel production. In Europe, rapeseed is the most common feedstock for biodiesel production. In the US, Argentina and Brazil, soybean oil is the most dominant biodiesel fuel feedstock.
What plant oils are used as biodiesel fuel?
Vegetable oils (mainly soybean oil) are the main feedstocks for U.S. biodiesel production. Other major U.S. biodiesel feedstocks include animal fats from meat processing plants and used/recycled cooking oil and yellow grease from restaurants.
How would you improve biodiesel as a fuel?
Cold temperatures can be a problem for high-percentage blends of biodiesel. Pure biodiesel made from soybean oil can clog fuel filters due to crystallization if the temperature drops below 28˚F. To reduce filter plugging problems during cold weather, biodiesel can be blended with fossil diesel.
What are the weaknesses of biodiesel?
DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL FUEL
It requires energy to produce biodiesel fuel from soya crops, plus there is the energy of sowing, fertilizing and harvesting. Another biodiesel fuel disadvantage is that it can harm rubber houses in some engines.
What affects the quality of biodiesel?
The most common problems with fuel quality are (1) the biodiesel may contain some "unconverted"vegetable oil (incomplete processing), (2) traces of chemicals from the making of the biodiesel (e.g., methanol, lye) can remain in the biodiesel, (3) products of the reaction (e.g., glycerin, soaps) may not be completely ...
What makes biodiesel more viscous?
The higher viscosity of biodiesel is due to the presence of stronger interparticle forces, namely dipole-dipole interactions, as the molecule is polar. This pulls biodiesel chains closer to each other, making the liquid thicker or more viscous.
Are saturated or unsaturated fats better for biodiesel?
Saturated fatty acid methyl esters are helpful in maintaining the oxidative stability of biodiesel.
Is coconut oil used for biodiesel?
In conclusion, the best conversion of biodiesel from coconut oil using NaOH catalyst is 3% concentration with a 180 minutes reaction time.
Why is coconut oil good for biodiesel?
Coconut oil can be used for biodiesel production due to its availability and lower free fatty acid (FFA) content when compared to non-edible oils. Besides, coconut biodiesel has better lubricity and a similar flash point to that of diesel fuel [4].
Is sunflower oil good for biodiesel?
The used cooking oil is an important waste and it can be used for biodiesel production. However, the actual tendency is the utilization of pure vegetable oils cultivated for energetic use. The main raw materials to elaborate biodiesel are: · Conventional vegetable oils of sunflower, rapseed, soybean, coconut and palm.
What are the non-edible oils for biodiesel production?
1) Non-edible vegetable oils: Jatropha oil ( Jatropha curcas )[ 17 ], Karanja oil ( Pongamia pinnata )[ 18 ], Neem oil ( Azadirachta indica )[ 19 ], Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum )[ 20 ], Rubber seed ( Hevea brasiliensis )[ 21 ], Cotton seed ( Gossypium )[ 22 ], Jojoba oil ( Simmondsia chinensis )[ 23 ], Babassu ( ...
How much methanol is needed for biodiesel?
The stoichiometric quantity is usually said to be 12.5% methanol by volume -- that is, 125 millilitres of methanol per litre of oil. Some people put it at 13%, or 13.5%, or even as low as 8%. In fact it depends on the amounts of the various fatty acids in the oil, and varies from one oil to another.
How profitable is biodiesel?
The analysis, completed by Scott Irwin, an economist and professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, reveals that despite biodiesel production profits taking an estimated average loss of -$0.54 per gallon in 2021, biodiesel producers have netted an average profit of +$0.60 per gallon for 2022 and 2023 ...
Is ethanol or methanol better for biodiesel?
Methanol and ethanol are the most often used alcohols in biodiesel production. Methanol is particularly preferred because of its physical and chemical advantages. Beside its reaction with triglycerides is quick and it can be easily dissolved in NaOH [57].
Can you use 100% biodiesel?
B100, or pure biodiesel, is different from blends. A standard diesel engine can run on pure biodiesel, but only with modifications. Biodiesel will coagulate at cold temperatures and might eat away at the seals in old diesel vehicles.
Why is biodiesel so expensive?
Traditional conversion processes that extract fuel-grade biobutanol from biomass fermentation are energy intensive and low-yielding, making biofuels more expensive than gasoline and diesel.
What plant produces the most biodiesel?
Biodiesel can be produced from a wide variety of oilseed crops and animal fats. In Europe, rapeseed oil is the major biodiesel feedstock. In the United States, soybeans are the dominant biodiesel feedstock.
How do you make biodiesel without methanol?
First, a biodiesel producer could easily use ethanol in place of methanol, even if the ethanol contains a little water. Ethanol is much less toxic than methanol, and you've probably tasted it if you've ever consumed gin, vodka, rum or wine.
Is palm oil used in biodiesel?
Since 2009 virtually all of the growth in biodiesel has come from imported palm oil. Palm oil biodiesel is the worst of all biofuels. It releases THREE times the greenhouse gases emissions of fossil diesel.
How much soybean oil to make biodiesel?
One bushel of soybeans can yield 1.5 gallons of biodiesel (NBB). Using all U.S. soybeans for biodiesel could produce 5.1 billion gallons of biodiesel.
How can we make biofuels better?
We showed that a conservation-oriented production method (no tillage, less water, less fertilizer) and good crop selection are crucial for producing better biofuels.
How do you increase oxidation stability of biodiesel?
Stability and induction period of biodiesel can be increased by adding additives. Jatropha and Pongamia oil can be used in future with improving its stability by adding additives. Biodiesel-diesel after oxidised alter the properties as colour, lubricity, and it impact on bearing, seals, hoses, oil passages and filter.
What makes biofuel more efficient?
Biodiesel also releases less air pollutants per net energy gain than ethanol. These advantages of biodiesel over ethanol come from lower agricultural inputs and more efficient conversion of feedstocks to fuel. Neither biofuel can replace much petroleum without impacting food supplies.
Why is biodiesel not sustainable?
Biofuels Encourage More Polluting, Expensive Practices
We cannot make enough biofuels to replace all fossil fuels. Instead, biodiesel must be mixed with diesel and so-called “renewable” natural gas with fossil gas. They will all use the same fossil fuel infrastructure we have right now, like leaky pipelines.
Why isn t biodiesel popular?
One of the many problems with biodiesel is that there isn't enough biomass to meet demand. If cars only used biodiesel, then all the biomass available for making diesel would be consumed faster than fresh biomass became available.
Why isn t biodiesel more popular?
Using today's techniques, there is not enough available arable land on the planet to both feed and fuel the world with biofuels. Using farmland to grow fuel crops usually diminishes the land available to grow food crops.
Which is better biodiesel or diesel?
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) research indicates that biodiesel emits 11% less carbon monoxide and 10% less particulate matter than diesel. According to Car Talk, a study done by the Department of Energy and Agriculture found biodiesel reduces net carbon dioxide emissions by 78%.
What makes biodiesel hygroscopic?
Compared to regular diesel, biodiesel is more hygroscopic – it attracts water – due to its polar molecular structure at one end. He et al.
How do you test the purity of biodiesel?
Biodiesel's high ignition point (350°F vs. –43°F for gasoline) makes it a safer fuel as well. Biodiesel is biodegradable and considered nontoxic by the Environmental Protection Agency.
What makes biodiesel better?
You can also use Methanol for Transesterfication. This will give you lower viscosity biodiesel than using Ethanol. To decrease the viscosity for biodiesel best way to carry out trans- esterification by sodium methoxide in methanol.
How can we reduce the viscosity of biodiesel?
The kinematic viscosity of biodiesel at 40 °C (or 313 K) must be in the range of 3.5–5.0 mm2/s according to EN-14214 specifications [1] and 1.9–6.0 mm2. s−1 in accordance with ASTM D6751 specifications [2], while the limit for diesel fuel is 2.0–4.5 mm2.
What is the ideal viscosity of biodiesel?
Several studies including [9] [10] [11] recommends that the best vegetable oil used for production of biodiesel should consist a larger amount of monounsaturated fatty acids compared to polyunsaturated fatty acids as oil containing relatively high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids tends to exhibit a poor oxidation ...
Which fatty acid is best for biodiesel?
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel made from renewable sources, such as canola oil and recycled cooking oils, that is non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable unlike petroleum diesel.
What are the two most common oils used for producing biodiesel?
Most common fatty esters included in biodiesel are derived from palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid.
Which fatty acid is good for biodiesel production?
Olive oil waste is rich in lipids, mainly in the form of triacylglycerols, which makes it a potential feedstock for biodiesel development. The use of olive oil waste for biodiesel production has several advantages.
Is olive oil good for biodiesel?
Olive–pomace oil (OPO) extracted from alperujo (by-product of processed olives for olive oil extraction), and produced it in considerable quantities throughout the Mediterranean countries, can be used for biodiesel production.
Can olive oil be used for biodiesel?
In the U.S., soybean oil is used for about 90% of the biodiesel that is produced today. Canola oil and rapeseed oil are the most common feedstocks for making biodiesel in Canada and Western Europe, respectively. Biodiesel works very well as fuel for any diesel engine with only minor, if any, required modifications.
What is the most commonly used biodiesel oil?
In biodiesel production, increasing temperature will increase how quickly biodiesel is produced. A study by Freedman et al. (1984) with soybean oil found that a temperature of 140°F could produce 94% of the total biodiesel yield in about 6 minutes versus a yield of 64% at 90°F (Fig. 4).
How can we increase biodiesel production?
Palm oil is considered as an alternative and promising feedstock to further diversified the biodiesel production in the global market. Palm oil contains various phytonutrients that can be separated out prior to biodiesel production.
Why is palm oil used in biodiesel?
Like rapeseed, soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil etc. A lot of research has been done on biodiesel production from edible vegetable oil [2]. This feedstock has very scalable production capabilities for biodiesel production, which costs very less as compared to conventional fossil fuels.
Which vegetable oil is best for biodiesel production?
Biodiesel is a “diesel like” fuel which means it has properties very close to conventional diesel and can be used in land transport and stationary engines. Medium speed diesel engines can operate well on the use of straight and unprocessed vegetable oil such as coconut oil.
Is coconut oil good for biodiesel?
Coconut oil can be used for biodiesel production due to its availability and lower free fatty acid (FFA) content when compared to non-edible oils. Besides, coconut biodiesel has better lubricity and a similar flash point to that of diesel fuel [4].
Why is coconut oil good for biodiesel?
Some Popular Non Edible Oils: Acid oil, Fatty Acid, Wax, Sterin, Spent Earth, Soap Stock, Castor Oil, Karanj oil, Kusum Oil, Mahua oil, Residue Oil, Rice Bran Non Edible Oil, Sludge Oil, Neem oil etc.
Which oil is non edible?
Researchers have developed a powerful, low-cost method for recycling used cooking oil and agricultural waste into biodiesel, and turning food scraps and plastic rubbish into high-value products.
Can biodiesel be made from waste oil?
DMC can be used as a potential substitute for methanol in the transesterification process of biodiesel production.
What is the substitute for methanol in biodiesel?
Typically an excess of twice the required amount is used. Because of the nature of the equilibrium and reversible reaction for biodiesel production, the excess methanol is employed to favor a more complete reaction to achieve a higher quality product.
What happens to excess methanol in biodiesel production?
B100, or pure biodiesel, is different from blends. A standard diesel engine can run on pure biodiesel, but only with modifications. Biodiesel will coagulate at cold temperatures and might eat away at the seals in old diesel vehicles.
Can you run 100% biodiesel?
Overall effects of reaction parameters
7, the experimental results revealed a maximum yield of 96.0% (w/w), therefore it was concluded that the maximum amount of biodiesel yield was gained at 1% (w/w) of catalyst loading, 1:8 oil to methanol molar ratio at 50 °C temperature and 90 minutes of reaction duration.
What is the highest yield of biodiesel?
Heavy commercial vehicles can efficiently operate on pure soybean biodiesel or a blend of diesel and biodiesel. Soybean biodiesel produces more energy than corn ethanol and is also more environmentally sound. A bushel of soybeans can produce up to 6 liters of biodiesel.
What is the most efficient biodiesel?
Biodiesel can be blended and used in many different concentrations. The most common are B5 (up to 5% biodiesel) and B20 (6% to 20% biodiesel). B100 (pure biodiesel) is typically used as a blendstock to produce lower percentage blends and is rarely used as a transportation fuel.
Which is better B20 or B100 biodiesel?
Oil crops are the base for biodiesel production. In Europe, rapeseed is the most common feedstock for biodiesel production. In the US, Argentina and Brazil, soybean oil is the most dominant biodiesel fuel feedstock.
What is the best crop for biodiesel?
The edible oils that can be used for biodiesel production are mahua, palm, tobacco seed, rice bran, sesame, sunflower, barley, coconut, corn, used cooking oil, linseed, mustard, soybean, rapeseed, groundnut, cottonseed, pumpkin, peanut, olive, etc.