What is the horizontal line in a letter called?
1. Baseline The baseline is the imaginary horizontal line on which most characters sit. The only character that hangs below the baseline in Figure 4.5 is the lowercase “q.” 2. Cap height The cap height or capline is another imaginary line. This one marks the height of all capital letters in a typeface.
What is the line in the letter A called?
Bar. A bar is a horizontal stroke in letters like A, H, e and f.
What is the bar in an H called?
The crossbar is a stroke that connects 2 lines in capital letterforms of “A” and “H”. Again a cross stroke implies a horizontal stroke that does not connect two lines, for example, the lower case of “f” or “t”. 4. Serif. It is the name assigned to the finishing strokes at the tops and bottoms of some typefaces.
What are the tails on letters called?
These little tails are called serifs. The serifs make it easier for our eyes to flow through horizontal reading quickly, such as how we do while reading a book. Serif is heavily used for the body of the text.
What is the line in the letter G called?
Descender – The part of a character (g, j, p, q, y, and sometimes J) that descends below the baseline. Ear – The small stroke that projects from the top of the lowercase g. Link – The stroke that connects the top and bottom part (bowl and loop) of a two–story lowercase g.
What is the name of the line on the G?
Consensus seems to be that the horizontal line is called a bar, and the vertical is a spur.
What is ascender line?
An ascender is an upward part of a letterform (often a vertical stroke) that extends above the x-height and usually above the cap height, such as the stem of a lowercase b or d. A descender goes the other way: It's a downward vertical stroke that extends below the baseline, such as the stem of a lowercase g or p.
What is the straight line over a vowel?
A macron (/ˈmækrɒn, ˈmeɪ-/ MAK-ron, MAY-) is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar ¯ placed above a letter, usually a vowel. Its name derives from Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón) 'long' because it was originally used to mark long or heavy syllables in Greco-Roman metrics. It now more often marks a long vowel.
What is the first line of a letter called?
Salutation
The salutation is a greeting made up of two parts: a word of welcome such as “Dear” and then the individual's name. Avoid using a generic, “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Gentlemen” but instead, greet the specific individual or group you listed in the address information.
What is the bottom of the P called?
Descender. Any part in a lowercase letter that extends below the baseline, found for example in g, j, p, q, y, etc. In italics, f often has a descender. The old-style numerals 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 also have descenders. Some types of descenders have specific names.
What is the line through T called?
Strokes that connect, as in A and H, or cross other strokes, as in t, are also known as crossbars. A longer horizontal stroke at the top or bottom, as in E T, is called an arm.
Does a lowercase J go below the line?
Some letters have a 'tail' (like g, j, p, q & y) which hang to touch the bottom line. All UPPER CASE letters and all numbers start in the 'head' line. All UPPER CASE letters and all numbers 'sit' on the body line. No upper case letter or number hangs below the body!
Does the letter F descend?
The letters so called are—g, j, p, q, y, of the lower-case. In Italic founts, however, the letter f is both ascending and descending.
What is the N with  tail called?
The symbol [ŋ] is usually called "eng" [ɛŋ] . It is like an [n] with the tail of a [ɡ]. Things to look out for: In spelling, the letter combination ng is usually just the single sound [ŋ], but occasionally there really is a [ɡ] sound too.
Why do people write Z with  tail?
Ɀ (lowercase: ɀ) is a Latin letter z with a "swash tail" (encoded by Unicode, at codepoints U+2C7F for uppercase and U+0240 for lowercase) was used as a phonetic symbol by linguists studying African languages to represent a voiced labio-alveolar fricative ([zʷ]).
What is the letter Z with a line in the middle?
Ƶ (minuscule: ƶ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from Z with the addition of a stroke through the center.
What is the fancy lowercase G called?
There's the one that almost everyone writes by hand, which is a circle with a tail that points left. It's like the G in the Arial font, and the researchers call this one “opentail.” The other one, called “looptail,” is the kind you see in a font like Times New Roman: two circles, connected by a line on the left side.
Why is G the seventh letter of the alphabet?
Since letters also had numerical values, the letter C kept its value 3 and the letter G was placed on the seventh spot, a place occupied by the Latin letter Z, corresponding to the Greek Z (dzeta, whose lowercase form is ζ), since the phoneme /dz/ was considered to be superfluous.
How do you spell g?
G, or g, is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is gee (pronounced /ˈdʒiː/), plural gees.
Why is g written differently?
The Printing Press was invented, and printing typeface changed the shape of some letters to fit the needs of printing to avoid blurring and mistaking individual letters. The double-story [a] and [g] were used – and continue to be used in most documents, books, and printed material today.
What is the backwards g symbol?
ᵷ or turned g is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed by rotating g 180°. It is used to transliterate the Georgian letter ჹ. ჹ itself is the Georgian letter გ "g" rotated. It represents a [ɢ] in some East Caucasian languages.
Which letters are descenders?
In most fonts, descenders are reserved for lowercase characters such as g, j, q, p, y, and sometimes f. Some fonts, however, also use descenders for some numerals (typically 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9). Such numerals are called old-style numerals.
What is letter stroke?
The stroke is one of the main lines that make up the appearance of a character. The term is derived from the penmanship inherent in hand lettering—and is therefore more metaphorical when talking about type.
What is the middle line of a capital E called?
The Crossbar, also known as a Bar, is the horizontal stroke across the middle of the uppercase A, B and H and the bottom of the eye of an e.
What is the sound of a?
Ä is often considered the simplest umlaut to pronounce, as there is an equivalent sound in English. Like all German vowels, the A umlaut has a short pronunciation and a long pronunciation. The short pronunciation is like the E in the English word “set.” Lengthen the sound to form the long pronunciation of Ä.
What does line over O mean?
The line is called a macron, and means that the vowel is long. In the case of Japanese, it's pronounced like a longish version of the vowel in English words like “go” and “hope”. The macron, with “o” and other vowels, can be used in other languages that distinguish long and short vowels.
What is a in English?
Ā, lowercase ā, is a grapheme, a Latin A with a macron, used in several orthographies. Ā is used to denote a long A.
How do you say hello in a formal letter?
Start off with a sweet salutation like, "Dear darling," "To my love" or using their special nickname so they know this letter is all about them. Don't be afraid to get mushy to really set the mood. Next, tell them why you're writing a letter instead of just signing a generic card.
How to start a letter to a girl?
The word letter, borrowed from Old French letre, entered Middle English around 1200 AD, eventually displacing the Old English term bōcstæf (bookstaff). Letter is descended from the Latin littera, which may have descended from the Greek "διφθέρα" (diphthera, writing tablet), via Etruscan.
Why is it called a letter?
Some fonts contain the abbreviations such as LT, MT, FF or EF in the name. These abbreviations represent the name of the foundry and should not be confused with the font weight. For example LT stands for Linotype, MT stands for Monotype, FF stands for FontFont and EF stands for Elsner + Flake.
What does LT mean after font?
The fully closed, rounded part of a letter. Definition: In typography, the curved part of the character that encloses the circular or curved parts (counter) of some letters such as d, b, o, D, and B is the bowl.
What is a bowl in type?
Ascender The part of the lowercase letters b, d, f, h, k, l, and t, that extends above the height of the lowercase x. Bar The horizontal stroke in the A, H, e, t and similar letters. Bowl/Eye A curved stroke which makes an enclosed space.
What do you call the top of a letter T?
Legs are the lower angled strokes which you can see in the letters “K”, “R” and “Q”. They are also known as tails. 14. Ligature. This addition of two characters to create another character is called ligature.
What is the leg of an R called?
Answer. The thinnest letter of the alphabet is the letter “l” (letter L), it is the narrowest too.
What is the thinnest letter?
A typography ear is the small stroke that extends outwards from a lowercase g in some typeface styles.
What is the ear of a letter?
It's important to ensure that 'tall' letters (for example: b, d, f, h, l, t) touch the top of the line, and that 'go under' letters (for example: g, j, p, q, y) go under the bottom line.
Does the letter T touch the top line?
These little tails are called serifs. The serifs make it easier for our eyes to flow through horizontal reading quickly, such as how we do while reading a book. Serif is heavily used for the body of the text. It is less likely to cause fatigue on the eyes compared to sans serif.
What are letter tails called?
A tittle or superscript dot is a small distinguishing mark, such as a diacritic in the form of a dot on a letter (for example, lowercase i or j). The tittle is an integral part of the glyph of i and j, but diacritic dots can appear over other letters in various languages.
Is dot lowercase i or j?
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What letter is never silent?
F, or f, is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ef (pronounced /ˈɛf/), and the plural is efs.
What does FFF mean spiritually?
LF (character : \n, Unicode : U+000A, ASCII : 10, hex : 0x0a): This is simply the '\n' character which we all know from our early programming days. This character is commonly known as the 'Line Feed' or 'Newline Character'.
Is the letter f real?
Eng or engma (capital: Ŋ, lowercase: ŋ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, used to represent a voiced velar nasal (as in English singing) in the written form of some languages and in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
What is the \\ N symbol?
Â, â (a-circumflex) is a letter of the Inari Sami, Skolt Sami, Romanian, Vietnamese and Mizo alphabets. This letter also appears in French, Friulian, Frisian, Portuguese, Turkish, Walloon, and Welsh languages as a variant of the letter "a".
What does Eng mean Latin?
Another interpretation for "Z" is the Russian word for west (Russian: запад, romanized: zapad), to designate the Western Military District or west-bound infantry, with the "V" symbol similarly standing for the word for east (Russian: восток, romanized: vostok).
What is this symbol called Â?
At c. 300 BC, Appius Claudius Caecus, the Roman censor, removed the letter Z from the alphabet , allegedly due to his distaste for the letter, in that it "looked like the tongue of a corpse". A more likely explanation is the sound had disappeared from Latin, making the letter useless for spelling Latin words.
What does Z mean Russia?
Many people often use Ƶ as a handwritten variant of Z and z, especially with mathematicians, scientists, and engineers to avoid confusion with the numeral 2. In Polish, the character Ƶ is used as an allographic variant of the letter Ż although once used in Old Polish.
Why is Z such a rare letter?
Because the letter 'Z' comes from the ancient Greek alphabet and its name in that alphabet is Zeta. This became Zede in old French, and, as many French words passed into the English language, became Zed in English. Lingual shifts often replace 'T's with 'D's and vice versa over time.
Why do people cross Z?
Why Lowercase G Is the Alphabet's Hardest Letter to Write | TIME.
Why is the letter Z sometimes called Zed?
The double-story “g”—what is now the common printed form—is the original form of the lowercase “g” (the OG ... ?), says Paul Shaw, a type designer who teaches at the New School. It originated in the eighth century among monks copying religious texts in Latin. The script they used became known as Carolingian script.
What is the hardest letter to write?
In the 1st century BC, Z was put in the alphabet again at the end of the Latin alphabet. This was done to accurately represent the sound of the Greek zeta. The letter Z appeared only in Greek words, and is the only letter besides Y that the Romans took from Greek.
Why do GS look like that?
The English Alphabet consists of 26 letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Why is Z the last letter?
In Sanskrit, ञ is pronounced as [ɲə] and ज्ञ is pronounced as [ɟɲə] as original pronunciation of ज was [ɟə]. In Hindi and Marathi, the pronunciation of ज and ज्ञ are different from Sanskrit: In Hindi, ज is [d͡ʒə] and ज्ञ is [gjə].
Is G before F in the alphabet?
Why is 9 written like ag?
How to pronounce ज्ञ?
How old is the letter J?
How do you spell Z?
It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter Alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the double-storey a and single-storey ɑ.
What is the symbol for letter a?
A tilde is a character on a keyboard that looks like a wavy line (~). The Spanish alphabet has 27 letters instead of the English 26, because it includes both n and ñ, each of which is pronounced differently. The tilde has other uses as well.