What family does toluene belong to?
Toluene is the simplest member of the class toluenes consisting of a benzene core which bears a single methyl substituent. It has a role as a non-polar solvent, a cholinergic antagonist, a neurotoxin and a fuel additive. It is a methylbenzene, a volatile organic compound and a member of toluenes.
What is the chemical group of toluene?
It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) attached to a phenyl group by a single bond. As such, its systematic IUPAC name is methylbenzene.
What class of solvent is toluene?
Residual Solvent Class 2 - Toluene.
What functional groups are in toluene?
In organic chemistry, tolyl groups are functional groups related to toluene. They have the general formula CH 3C 6H 4−R, the change of the relative position of the methyl and the R substituent on the aromatic ring can generate three possible structural isomers 1,2 (ortho), 1,3 (meta), and 1,4 (para).
What is similar to toluene?
TMO (2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane) is a non-peroxide forming ether solvent that can replace common hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene. TMO demonstrates the ability to produce high molecular weight radical-initiated polymers for use as pressure-sensitive adhesives.
Is toluene illegal?
(b) Except for lawful research, clinical, medical, dental, veterinary, industrial or manufacturing purposes, no person shall possess toluene, also known as tuleol, methylbenzene, phenylmethane or methacide, in a portable container unless the container is constructed of metal, has a tight closure, and is fitted with a ...
How toxic is toluene?
What immediate health effects can result from toluene exposure? Breathing toluene vapors in small amounts may cause a mild headache, dizziness, drowsiness, or nausea. With more serious exposure, toluene may cause sleepiness, stumbling, irregular heartbeat, fainting, or even death.
What is the nickname for toluene?
Toluene / C₇H₈ Toluene, also called methylbenzene or phenyl methane, is an aromatic hydrocarbon. The name toluene is derived from the older name toluöl which refers to tolu extract, an aromatic extract that comes from a tropical tree: balsam of Peru.
Is toluene the same as benzene?
Toluene is a benzene ring with a methyl group attachment. It is more reactive than a regular benzene ring because the methyl group is electron-donating, making the ring have greater electron density. Electron-donating groups have a positive inductive effect and make the main group more reactive.
What solvent is similar to toluene?
As an alternative to toluene, Polychem® 36 is a safe and highly responsive toluene substitute. This product provides all the benefits of toluene without all of the negative side effects.
What hydrocarbon is toluene?
toluene, aromatic hydrocarbon used extensively as starting material for the manufacture of industrial chemicals. It comprises 15–20 percent of coal-tar light oil and is a minor constituent of petroleum.
Is toluene an explosive?
ICSC 0078 - TOLUENE. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.
Is toluene a drug?
Being a misused drug, toluene has reinforcing effects.
Is toluene an alkyl group?
The alkylbenzenes, toluene being the most common example, represent a class of six-membered ring aromatic compounds that have a variety of alkyl groups attached.
Is toluene harmful to humans?
Toluene (C₆H₅CH₃) is a colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent odor. Exposure to toluene can cause eye and nose irritation, tiredness, confusion, euphoria, dizziness, headache, dilated pupils, tears, anxiety, muscle fatigue, insomnia, nerve damage, inflammation of the skin, and liver and kidney damage.
Why is toluene banned?
Neurotoxicity is a critical human health concern following acute, intermediate, or chronic toluene exposure. Developmental toxicity. Toluene exposure is linked to adverse effects in developing fetuses and has the potential to cause birth defects.
Is xylene better than toluene?
Toluene and xylene are very effective as oil and grease removers, but naphtha should be adequate for most situations. Toluene evaporates a little faster than xylene, but this is significant only when using the solvent as a thinner. The problem with these two solvents is that they are relatively toxic.
Which is more toxic toluene or xylene?
The air levels considered immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH, NIOSH) are 500 ppm for toluene and 900 ppm for xylene. Death has been reported after exposure to toluene at 1, 800–2,000 ppm for 1 hour.
Is toluene banned in the EU?
Toluene is banned in glue and spray paint at concentrations above 0.1 % in products for the general public according to Directive 76/769/EEC on certain dangerous substances and preparations (Directive 2005/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 amending for the 28th time Council ...
What are 5 uses for toluene?
The majority of toluene is used as a component of petrol. It is also used in paints, lacquers, inks, adhesives, rubber, and cleaning agents. It is used to manufacture benzene, urethane raw materials, and other organic chemicals. It is used in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and cosmetic nail products.
Is toluene hallucinogenic?
Rationale: Toluene is a misused inhalant with hallucinogenic properties and complex effects. Toluene blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, releases dopamine (DA), and modifies several neurotransmitter levels; nonetheless, the mechanism by which it produces hallucinations is not well characterized.
Is toluene cancerous?
Studies in workers and animals exposed to toluene generally show that toluene does not cause cancer.
How is toluene abused?
The pulmonary route of toluene absorption is primarily via sniffing, huffing, and bagging or by spraying inhalants directly into the nose or mouth. These terms were derived from the mode of abuse and refers to the following: Sniffing refers to snorting fumes from containers through the nose.
What does toluene do to the brain?
Toluene leads to apoptotic neurodegeneration in the cerebellum and hippocampus [12]. Besides, it causes cerebellar and pyramidal dysfunctions, peripheral neuropathy, optic atrophy, neurologic hearing loss, and temporary and/or permanent damage including cognitive functions [7, 8].
Is toluene a cigarette?
Benzene, toluene, and 1,3-butadiene were found in the range of 6-73, 5-88, and 16-75Ilg/cigarette, respectively.
What is the pH of toluene?
The range of the pH values of toluene and [Bmim][BF4] and [Bmim][PF6] were from (3.16 to 4.63) and (5.57 to 7.55), respectively. Comparison showed that the pH of toluene in the two ionic liquids was in sequence: [Bmim][BF4] < [Bmim][PF6].
What is toluene in English?
Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon derivative of methyl-substituted benzene, which exists as a transparent, colourless volatile liquid and has a pungent, benzene-like odour. Toluene is insoluble in water but may be miscible with other organic solvents.
Does toluene expire?
1 year when stored between 50⁰-85⁰ Fahrenheit. Refer to each individual material SDS (Safety Data Sheet) for specific requirements on the health, safety, storage and handling requirements. Follow all local, state, and national regulations during surface preparation, material application and cleanup.
What is toluene used for in real life?
Toluene is found naturally in crude oil, and is used in oil refining and the manufacturing of paints, lacquers, explosives (TNT) and glues. In homes, toluene may be found in paint thinners, paintbrush cleaners, nail polish, glues, inks and stain removers.
Is toluene soluble in water?
Toluene mixes readily with many organic solvents, but is poorly soluble in water. Toluene is less dense than water and will float on the surface of water.
Is toluene a bad solvent?
Toluene is a good solvent (a substance that can dissolve other substances). It is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes. Toluene is also used in the manufacture of other chemicals, nylon, and plastics.
How do you clean toluene?
The good news about toluene is that spills are easy to contain and clean up. Most small incidents only require a soft cloth and a moderate amount of water and detergent. Large spills take longer but can still be cleaned within a similar process.
Is toluene the same as acetone?
Toluene and acetone are entirely different chemical substances. In toluene, a methyl group is bonded to the benzene ring. So it can be called methyl benzene. Acetone is an example of ketone in which two methyl groups are bonded to the carbon atom of the carbonyl group.
Why is toluene safer than benzene?
What makes toluene and xylene less carcinogenic than benzene? The presence of markedly less-flat methyl group(s) in toluene and the xylenes make them both harder to intercalate DNA.
Does toluene dissolve plastic?
Toluene will attack many plastics, including HDPE (surprisingly, at least to me). But there are plastics that can resist it.
Is toluene faster than benzene?
Also, as noted earlier, toluene undergoes nitration about 25 times faster than benzene, but chlorination of toluene is over 500 times faster than that of benzene. From this we may conclude that the nitration reagent is more reactive and less selective than the halogenation reagents.
Can toluene cause fire?
DOT#: UN 1294 ERG Guide #: 130 Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable) Toluene is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID. Use dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or other foaming agent as extinguishing agents, as water may not be effective in fighting fires.
Is toluene safer than benzene?
Toluene has largely replaced the more-toxic benzene as a solvent. Benzene is an established carcinogen, but the carcinogenicity of toluene is as yet undetermined.
Is toluene a neurotoxin?
In recent decades the organic solvent toluene (methylbenzene) has emerged as one of the best-studied neurotoxins. Long-term and intense exposure to toluene vapors in humans who abuse spray paint and related substances has led to the recognition that toluene has a severe impact on central nervous system myelin.
What does toluene dissolve?
Toluene has been used as an ingredient in nail polish removers, due to its ability to help dissolve other substances, such as resins and plasticizers. It has also been used in the formulation of nail products to enable nail polishes, hardeners and lacquers to be applied smoothly.
What class of solvent is toluene?
[Residual Solvent Class 2 - Toluene (1.2 mL/ampule; 3 ampules)] - CAS []
Is toluene soluble in methanol?
For the (toluene + methanol system), the solubility increased monotonically with the temperature at every composition, but the composition dependence of the solubility had a maximum around the toluene mass fraction of w = 0.8 at every temperature.
Is toluene illegal?
(b) Except for lawful research, clinical, medical, dental, veterinary, industrial or manufacturing purposes, no person shall possess toluene, also known as tuleol, methylbenzene, phenylmethane or methacide, in a portable container unless the container is constructed of metal, has a tight closure, and is fitted with a ...
Is toluene safe for skin?
Effects Following Skin Exposure
Skin exposure to toluene can cause dry skin and redness. Also, it has been shown that eight-hour exposure to toluene can result in skin paresthesias (tingling).
Does toluene evaporate?
Toluene will readily evaporate into the air or be degraded by microorganisms in surface waters. Leaking underground storage tanks can contaminate the soil with toluene and other petroleum-product components. Toluene in surface soils rapidly evaporates into the air.
How toxic is toluene?
What immediate health effects can result from toluene exposure? Breathing toluene vapors in small amounts may cause a mild headache, dizziness, drowsiness, or nausea. With more serious exposure, toluene may cause sleepiness, stumbling, irregular heartbeat, fainting, or even death.
What is the new name for toluene?
Without proper ventilation and safety precautions, toluene can cause irritated eyes, nose, and throat; dry or cracked skin; headache, dizziness, feeling of being drunk, confusion and anxiety.
Why is toluene bad?
TMO is an ether solvent that effectively replaces most hydrocarbon solvents, namely toluene. TMO is becoming an increasingly popular option for those searching for a substitute for toluene due to its highly desirable properties as a solvent: Non-polar. Low boiling point.
What is a safer alternative to toluene?
Benzene, toluene, and xylene are added to gasoline to improve its octane rating, resistance to detonation index [9].
Why is toluene in gasoline?
Toluene/Xylene Mixture is a volatile, flammable, colourless liquid that is insoluble in water. This product has a strong solvent odour and can be detected in the range of 2 to 5 ppm. Toluene/Xylene Mixture poses a serious fire and explosive hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
Can you mix toluene and xylene?
Amongst the most hazardous solvents are benzene, carbon disulphide and carbon tetrachloride. Solvents are excreted in urine and sweat or they may be exhaled. Good work practices and training can help to reduce hazardous exposures.
What is the most toxic solvent?
Use Jasco® Xylol Xylene for epoxies and enamels can be used in place Toluene to thin specified oil-based paint, lacquer, varnish, epoxy, adhesives and synthetic enamels when a slower rate of evaporation is desired.
Can xylene be used in place of toluene?
If you want to use toluene as a solvent, xylene is usually fine.
Can I use xylene instead of toluene?
Neurotoxicity is a critical human health concern following acute, intermediate, or chronic toluene exposure. Developmental toxicity. Toluene exposure is linked to adverse effects in developing fetuses and has the potential to cause birth defects.
Why is toluene banned?
BHA & BHT: These preservatives, associated with cancer and other health issues, are banned in the EU, Canada, and Australia. Be cautious of them in cereals and processed foods. Artificial Colors: Banned in the EU due to links to behavioral issues in children, they're found in many US snacks and sauces.
Is BHA banned in Europe?
Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative and consists of a methyl group i.e., CH_3 that is attached to a phenyl group.
What is the functional group of toluene?
ICSC 0078 - TOLUENE. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.
Is toluene an explosive?
Benzene is one of the most important organic compounds with the chemical formula C6H6. Benzene is the parent compound of the various aromatic compound. Benzene is the simplest organic, aromatic hydrocarbon.
What family does c6h6 belong to?
Benzene is the parent compound of the large family of organic compounds known as aromatic compounds. Naming of aromatic compound i.e. benzene rings with different substituents is described.
What family does benzene belong to?
Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon derivative of methyl-substituted benzene, which exists as a transparent, colourless volatile liquid and has a pungent, benzene-like odour.
Is toluene a part of benzene?
The answer is aromatic. Toluene has the same aromatic ring with benzene. The only difference is that the compound toluene has an additional methyl substituent in the aromatic ring. Therefore, the toluene is considered as an aromatic compound.